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The ABNS primary examination is an important and required step in the pathway to board certification. Designed to assess knowledge and guide ongoing education, this exam is mandatory for completing residency and obtaining board certification. The exam has transitioned to a mastery exam with the goal that all passing candidates demonstrate proficiency in core knowledge. The exam question stems are available for study via MyABNS.
- Purpose: The exam evaluates knowledge and provides direction for continued learning.
- Eligibility: Available to all residents in ACGME-accredited neurosurgery residency programs. As of July 1, 2025, all residents must take and master the neuroanatomy examination prior to registering for and taking the ABNS primary examination for credit. The exam is also available for those entering the certification process through other pathways (e.g. reentry, Academic Pathway).
- Self-assessment or Credit: Residents may take the exam for self-assessment or for certification credit, as determined by their program director.
- Self-assessment: $500 Application Fee
- Credit: $1000 Application Fee
- Requirements: Both the ABNS and ACGME Review Committee mandate that residents pass the examination to receive certification credit before completing their training. Since July 1, 2023, the ABNS primary examination must be passed for credit before commencing the chief year in residency. The examination must also be passed for credit by those applying for certification via the reentry or Academic Pathway.
- Timing: The exam is administered every March at most U.S. neurosurgical residency programs. The next primary exam Is Scheduled for: March 7, 2025 Exam Schedule
- Results: Results are sent to the resident's program director approximately 4-6 weeks after the exam. Those taking the primary exam through other pathways receive their results directly from the ABNS.
The Primary Examination is prepared by the ABNS with assistance from the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). It is administered in a proctored environment once a year, typically in March. It consists of 375 multiple-choice questions, assessing fundamental knowledge in neurosurgery and related fields (link to Content categories and subject areas).
Click here for a practice primary examNeuroanatomy exam Information about the neuroanatomy exam can be found Here.
The ABNS Directors regularly review and update the psychometric performance of examination questions and eliminate poorly performing questions or questions that lack current clinical relevance. Diplomates who are interested in ABNS volunteer activities or question writing may apply here.